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SAT考試常見(jiàn)形近詞辨析
2019-12-21 15:22 | 編輯：川外外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)中心　　來(lái)自：未知　
導(dǎo)讀：詞匯量在SAT考試中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。你的詞匯量過(guò)關(guān)了么？本文為大家分享的是新SAT考試中常見(jiàn)的形近詞的辨析。
1. averse vs. adverse
 
　　averse : not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜歡某事物;反對(duì)某事物
 
　　E.g. He seems to be averse to hard work.
 
　　adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敵對(duì)的，反對(duì)的，不利的
 
　　E.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.
 
　　
 
【SAT超級(jí)干貨】SAT考試常見(jiàn)形近詞辨析圖1
 
 
　　2. adversity vs. adversary
 
　　adversity: trouble; unfortunate event不幸，災(zāi)禍
 
　　E.g. Mary faces adversity with courage.
 
　　adversary: opponent; enemy 對(duì)手，敵人
 
　　E.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.
 
　　第1、2組詞是經(jīng)常被混淆的四個(gè)單詞，兩兩組合進(jìn)行對(duì)比，會(huì)給掌握單詞帶來(lái)更高的精準(zhǔn)度。
 
　　3. antipathy vs. apathy
 
　　antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感;厭惡;憎惡
 
　　E.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.
 
　　apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏興趣;漠不關(guān)心
 
　　E.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.
 
　　這一組詞大家可以用詞根詞綴發(fā)來(lái)區(qū)別，path-作為詞根是“情感”的意思，anti-作為前綴是“相反，對(duì)抗”，而a-是“不、無(wú)、非”的意思，相關(guān)單詞有sympathy, empathy等。
 
　　4. derive vs. deride
 
　　derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth源自，源于;得到獲取
 
　　E.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.
 
　　deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄
 
　　E.g. They derided his effort as childish.
 
　　derisive這個(gè)單詞出現(xiàn)在閱讀中經(jīng)常被當(dāng)做是derive的形容詞性理解，其實(shí)是deride的形容詞，意思為“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter。
 
　　5.exhausted vs. exhaustive
 
　　exhausted: very tired 精疲力盡的
 
　　E.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhausted.
 
　　exhaustive: very thorough; complete 詳盡的;徹底的
 
　　E.g. Police make an exhaustive research.
 
　　6. imprudent vs. impudent
 
　　imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的;不謹(jǐn)慎的;輕率的
 
　　E.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.
 
　　impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗魯?shù)?放肆的;無(wú)禮的;不尊重的
 
　　E.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.
 
　　在記這組詞之前，最好先記住prudent這個(gè)單詞，它本身就是“謹(jǐn)慎的，審慎的”意思，在其加上im-這個(gè)表否定含義的前綴，意思就很容易得出了。
 
　　7. callow vs. callous
 
　　callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;乳臭未乾的
 
　　callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷無(wú)情的;無(wú)同情心的
 
　　8. congenial vs. congenital
 
　　congenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc ; agreeable(指人)(因性情、志趣等相近)彼此合得來(lái)的，意氣相投的;適合自己性格的
 
　　E.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.
 
　　congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth (指疾病等)天生的，先天的
 
　　E.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.
 
　　9. intelligent vs. intelligible
 
　　intelligent: smart, educated 聰明的，智能的，智力的
 
　　intelligible: that can be (easily) understood 可(易)理解的
 
　　E.g. That’s totally a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.
 
　　10. impassive vs. impassioned
 
　　impassive: showing no sign of feeling 無(wú)表情的，無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的
 
　　E.g. The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.
 
　　impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充滿激情的;熱烈的
 
　　E.g. He made an impassioned plea for mercy.
 
　　同第3組詞相似的地方是這一組詞里面含有pass-表“情感”含義的詞根，im-表“不無(wú)、非”，所以impassive就是“無(wú)表情的，無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情，熱情”的意思。
 
　　11. adapt vs. adept
 
　　adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物適合於新的用途﹑情況等;修改某事物
 
　　E.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
 
　　adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 對(duì)(做)某事物內(nèi)行的，熟練的
 
　　E.g. She’s adept at growing roses.
 
　　這一組詞中adapt也經(jīng)常容易與adopt混淆，adopt意思為“采納，收養(yǎng)”。
 
　　12. indigent vs. indigenous
 
　　indigent : poor 貧窮
 
　　indigenous: native 土生土長(zhǎng)的，當(dāng)?shù)氐?/div>
 
　　E.g. Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.
 
　　13. presumptive vs. presumptuous
 
　　presumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基于合理之推測(cè)的;可能的
 
　　E.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on presumptive evidence.
 
　　presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 膽大妄為的，專橫的
 
　　E.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?
 
　　14. ingenious vs. ingenuous
 
　　ingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems; original in design(指人)善于用新的或簡(jiǎn)單的方法解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的;設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特精巧的
 
　　E.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very in genious!
 
　　ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的，不隱瞞的，天真的
 
　　E.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous smile.
 
　　這一組詞，可以利用另外兩個(gè)單詞幫助記憶：genius和genuine。前者意思為“天才”后者意思為“真的，真誠(chéng)的，非人造的”。ingenious從發(fā)音和詞形上與genius相近，而ingenuous 和genuine 相近。
 
　　15. discreet vs. discrete
 
　　discreet: careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too obvious 言談舉止謹(jǐn)慎的;言行審慎的;不顯眼的
 
　　E.g. I should make a few discreet enquirers about the firm before you sign anything.
 
　　discrete: separate; distinct 分離的;截然分開(kāi)的
 
　　E.g. Those are a series of discrete events.

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