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解析托福閱讀植物類話題長(zhǎng)難句

2020-01-14 15:34 | 編輯：川外外語培訓(xùn)中心　　來自：未知　

導(dǎo)讀：川外培訓(xùn)小編為大家分享解析托福閱讀植物類話題長(zhǎng)難句的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望對(duì)參加考試的考生有所幫助.

托福閱讀植物類話題長(zhǎng)難句解析!長(zhǎng)難句是托福閱讀考試中的難點(diǎn)之一。這些句子往往隱含著一些題目答案。因此大家想要拿到閱讀高分，就要對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)備考。

1. The ancestors of plants were photosynthetic single-celled organisms that gave rise to plants presumably lacked true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive structures such as flowers.

語言點(diǎn)：that...flowers為定語從句修飾single-celled organisms, 從句中l(wèi)acked...flowers為過去分詞做定語修飾plants。

參考譯文：植物的祖先是能夠進(jìn)行光合作用的單細(xì)胞生物體，此類生物生成了可能缺少根、莖、葉及像花一樣的復(fù)雜的繁殖結(jié)構(gòu)的植物。

2. In addition, other lines of evidence support the hypothesis that land plants evolved from ancestral green algae used the same type of chlorophy II and accessory pigments in photosynthesis as do land plants.

語言點(diǎn)：that...land plants為hypothesis的同位語從句，句中plants做主語，evolved...green algae為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾land plants, used為從句中謂語動(dòng)詞，as do land plants表示類比。

參考譯文：另外，其他證據(jù)證實(shí)了這個(gè)假說，最早的綠色海藻演化來的植物像現(xiàn)在的陸地植物一樣使用同一種葉綠素及色素進(jìn)行光合作用。

3. Water temperature can fluctuate seasonally or even daily and changing level of rainfall can lead to fluctuations in concentration of chemical in the water or even to period in which the aquatic habitat dries up.

語言點(diǎn)：and連接前后兩個(gè)并列句。in which the aquatic habitat dries up為定語從句修飾period, even to是lead to的第二個(gè)結(jié)果。

參考譯文：它們包含根結(jié)構(gòu)，覆蓋葉面及莖并能限制水分蒸發(fā)的柔軟的表皮，葉子及莖部叫做氣孔的小孔，這種小孔可以進(jìn)行氣體交換，并在當(dāng)水稀少的情況下閉合以減少水分流失。

4. From a plant’s evolutionary view point, however, it was also a land of opportunity, free of competitors and predators and full of carbon dioxide and sunlight (the raw materials for photosynthesis, which are present in far higher concentrations in air than in water).

語言點(diǎn)：free of competitors and predators and full of carbon dioxide and sunlight中free of and full of為并列形容詞修飾a land of opportunity, 句末括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容修飾carbon dioxide and sunlight。

參考譯文：從植物進(jìn)化的角度，陸地最初是充滿機(jī)會(huì)的，沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者與捕食者，并且充滿了二氧化碳及陽光(二氧化碳和陽光是光合作用的原材料，空氣中的含量遠(yuǎn)超過水中的含量)。

5. They include roots or root like structures, a waxy cuticle that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water, and pores called stomata in leaves and stems that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss.

語言點(diǎn)：a waxy cuticle...the evaporation of water，and pore...water loss與root like structures并列。

參考譯文：水溫會(huì)發(fā)生季節(jié)性甚至日常波動(dòng)，降雨量的變化能夠?qū)е滤谢瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)含量的變化及導(dǎo)致水棲息地變干。

6. So the most successful groups of land plants are those that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protect developing embryos from dying out.

語言點(diǎn)：that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protect developing embryos from dying out為定語從句修飾those, that are independent of water and structures修飾methods, and structures that protect developing embryos from dying out與methods并列，其中that protect developing embryos from dying out做定語修飾structures。

參考譯文：最成功的陸生植物有兩個(gè)特征，一：能夠進(jìn)化出不需要依靠水進(jìn)行受精卵傳播的方法;二：能夠保護(hù)胚芽的結(jié)構(gòu)。

7. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.

語言點(diǎn)：which may be succulent and are often dwarfed and woody為定語從句修飾long-lived perennials, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain為定語從句修飾annuals or ephemerals。long-lived perennials與annuals or ephemerals二者并列。

參考譯文：植被一般分為兩類：一種為多水的、矮小的、木質(zhì)的多年生植物;另一種為生命周期較短并且雨后立即生產(chǎn)的較密集的一年生植物或暫生植物。

8. The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes---a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes---and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

語言點(diǎn)：a fact指代The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes所表達(dá)的意思，since this tends to中的this指代Earth’s curved surface, as a reflection of this effect中this effect指代The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes。

參考譯文：熱帶地區(qū)比高緯度地區(qū)有廣大的地表面積——當(dāng)我們檢查經(jīng)常使用的地球弧形表面的推算方法時(shí)這個(gè)事實(shí)有時(shí)候并不明顯，因?yàn)榈厍蚧⌒伪砻鹘?jīng)�？浯蟾呔暥鹊貐^(qū)的地表面積，一些生態(tài)地質(zhì)學(xué)家將多樣的區(qū)別歸因于熱帶地區(qū)地表面積更大這個(gè)因素。

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