托福寫作考試對(duì)于國(guó)內(nèi)考生來說是比較難的,大家在備考的時(shí)候要整理一些比較常用的托福寫作模板。針對(duì)一些托福寫作題目進(jìn)行練習(xí)和總結(jié)。托福寫作開頭是比較重要的,大家要注意。但是托福寫作用詞要注意什么問題呢?下面就隨川外培訓(xùn)小編來看一些詳細(xì)的介紹吧!
他們認(rèn)為通過名詞化可以產(chǎn)生大量抽象概念,滿足英語表達(dá)抽象概念的需要。因此,擅用名詞化不僅體現(xiàn)了寫作水平,更是一種思維方式。曾經(jīng)一個(gè)針對(duì)中國(guó)幾所頂尖大學(xué)的優(yōu)秀作文的調(diào)查顯示,20 篇優(yōu)秀作文中名詞化的使用頻率為7%-8%,而普通習(xí)作的使用頻率僅為5%-6%。與此同時(shí),選用了20 篇英語國(guó)家學(xué)生的英語作文,同樣的方法統(tǒng)計(jì)出其名詞化的使用頻率為10%-15%。有人更是戲說道,老外眼中句子分為3個(gè)檔次,最差的是主動(dòng)句,較好的是被動(dòng)句,倒裝句等,最好的nominalization(名詞化)的句子,這樣的句子最學(xué)術(shù)最適合寫論文。那么面對(duì)這樣的差異,我們需要重新審視我們寫作中的思維方式,做到如何恰到好處又不“畫蛇添足”。
簡(jiǎn)單說,名詞化即是動(dòng)詞或形容詞被用作名詞的現(xiàn)象。比如動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:discovery->discovery, move->movement, refuse->refusal,又比如形容詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:careless->carelessness, difficult->difficulty, intense->intensity。那么什么情況下,我們需要進(jìn)行名詞化呢?
A 謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語部分
原句:I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
名詞化:I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 結(jié)合被動(dòng)形式
原句:If people decide without enough persuasive information,...
名詞化:If a decision is made without enough persuasive information,...
C 取代諸如從句中“the fact that”的用法
原句:The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
名詞化:My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
更好的名詞化:a. When I denied his accusations, I impressed the jury.
b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.
D 名詞化部分用在there is/are的后面
原句:We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
名詞化:There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
原句:The floods considerably eroded the land.
名詞化:There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.
然而,有些時(shí)候,在我們的思維方式中認(rèn)為理所應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“名詞化”時(shí),老外認(rèn)為是沒有必要的。比如:
A 名詞化部分跟在動(dòng)詞后面
原句(名詞化“冗余”):The police conducted an investigation into the matter.
改后:The police investigated the matter.
B 名詞化部分作為主語
原句:Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.
改后:We discussed a tax cut.
C 連續(xù)進(jìn)行名詞化
原句:a. First, she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.
b. There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.
改后:First, she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.
D 連接部分名詞化
原句:Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.
改后:They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.
原句:The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.
改后:Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.
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