主謂一致”在雅思填空題中的應(yīng)用
主謂一致是很多同學(xué)在中學(xué)時期聽過的一個語法概念。所謂‘主謂一致’,就是主語的形式必須和謂語的形式必須要保持一致。
主語的形式大體上分有三種:可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。
謂語動詞的形式相對復(fù)雜,可分為be動詞(單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)),實意動詞(單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)),和助動詞(單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù))。下面我們通過幾個雅思?荚~匯來認(rèn)識一下這些概念:
三種“主語”
1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù):whale ,volcano , opinion , fact , mistake , program 等等
2)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù):whales ,volcanoes , opinions , facts , mistakes , programs 等等
3)不可數(shù)名詞:liquid ,suggestion , information , behavior , stability 等等
六種“謂語”
1)be動詞單數(shù):is , was, has been
2)be動詞復(fù)數(shù):are ,were , have been
3)實意動詞單數(shù):illustrates ,varies , suggests , instructs , grants 等等
4)實意動詞復(fù)數(shù):illustrate ,vary , suggest , instruct , grant 等等
5)助動詞單數(shù):does , doesn’t, has , hasn’t
6)助動詞復(fù)數(shù):do , don’t ,have , haven’t
按照‘主謂一致’法則,主語是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞應(yīng)選擇2),4)或6)三種情況;主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞應(yīng)選擇1), 3) , 5) 三種情況。
下面我們來通過幾道雅思的填空題,看看‘主謂一致’的法則到底好不好用?
例1:Day length in a useful cue for breeding in areas where ______ areunpredictable .
譯文:在一個_____ 不可預(yù)知的地區(qū),晝長是一個有用的線索。
Step 1 : where … are unpredictable 是一個定語從句,修飾前面的areas, 句中的謂語動詞用的是are , 所以推斷出主語應(yīng)該是一個名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
Step2: 通過關(guān)鍵詞Day length , cue,和breeding 我們定位到了下面這句話,即使我們不認(rèn)識這些關(guān)鍵詞(當(dāng)然最好是都認(rèn)識),我們也知道含有關(guān)鍵詞多的句子一定是答案的出處。
Breeding in most organismsoccurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue isneeded to trigger breeding behaviour. Day length is an excellentcue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern ofchange within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuategreatly from day to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictableamount.
Step3: 這句話中有這樣幾個加‘s’的單詞,有可能是我們要找的答案。
occurs (動詞三單,排除) , provides (動詞三單,排除) , increases (動詞三單,排除) ,只有temperatures (名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 是符合答案要求的,所以答案就是temperatures 溫度。
剛才的做題環(huán)節(jié)中我并沒有去刻意的理解句子意思,只是靠名詞復(fù)數(shù)就能夠把答案作對。所以主謂一致這條技巧對于解出這道題來說是至關(guān)重要的。(當(dāng)然分清名詞復(fù)數(shù)和動詞三單也很重要哦!)
例2:The sense of smell may involve response to _______ which do notsmell , in addition to obvious odours .
response to + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞, 但是后面跟的定語從句中的謂語部分是donot , 有詞課推出前面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞sense of smell , response to 和do not smell , 我們定位到了下面這句話:Researchershave still to decide whether smell is one sense or two – one respondingto odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in theair . 這句話中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只有一個chemicals 化學(xué)物質(zhì),所以答案就填chemicals .
例3:
18題的謂語部分是disappear , 所以主語應(yīng)該是一個名詞復(fù)數(shù)
19題的謂語部分是attract , 所以主語應(yīng)該是一個名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
20題的定語從句部分的謂語是absorb , 所以前面所修飾的名詞應(yīng)該是一個名詞復(fù)數(shù)
在準(zhǔn)確地判斷出詞性之后我們只需要在還有關(guān)鍵詞的句子里找到加‘s’的名詞復(fù)數(shù)即可,及時你并不能看懂整句話到底在說些什么。
Q18: Usually , as they swim , they makeclicking noises and the resulting sound waves are reflected in an echo andtravel back to them . However , these just fade out on shallow beaches , so thewhale doesn’t hear an echo and it crashes onto the shore .
Q19: To put it more simply , she says , inthe years when strong westerly and southerly winds bring cool water rich in nutrients closer to the Australiacoast , there is an increase in the number of fish . The whales follow .
Q20: The ocean is full of bubbles. Largerones rise quickly to the surface and disappear, whilst smaller ones – called microbubbles – can last for days . It is these that absorb whale ‘clicks’.
通過以上幾個例子,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),對于基礎(chǔ)不是很好,不能夠看懂整句話意思的同學(xué),準(zhǔn)確的判斷出名詞復(fù)數(shù)可以大大減少干擾項的誤導(dǎo),從而更準(zhǔn)確的排除錯誤答案,而每次閱讀考試40道題里有大約10道題都是填空題,而填空題中有將近三分之一的空都是名詞復(fù)數(shù),這部分題可以被我們看做是‘送分題’,無論你的目標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)是5.5 ,還有6.5及以上,這3,4分對大家來說都是非常重要的,大家可以在接下來的訓(xùn)練中有意識的去注意名詞復(fù)數(shù)的答案。
下面附上幾道答案是名詞復(fù)數(shù)的填空題,大家自己分析一下為何是填名詞復(fù)數(shù)吧!
1. Cam 12 – Test 7 – P2 – Q22 :
Disease- causing ______ are most likely tobe found in hot , damp regions .
2. Cam 12 – Test 8 – P1 – Q 3 :
_______ made of stone were covered in acoating of man-made glass .
3. Cam 11 – Test 3 – P1 – Q3+Q4 :
Only ______ were allowed to producesilk. Only _____ were allowed to wearsilk .
4. Cam11 – Test 3 – P1 – Q8 :
______ hide silkworm eggs in canes and takethem to Constantinople .
5. Cam 11 – Test2 – P1 – Q10 :
_______ prevent hull being sucked into mud.
6. Cam11 – Test 1 – P2 – Q26 :
_____ raise boat 11 m to level of UnionCanal .
7. Cam 8 – Test 1 – P3 – Q36 :
______ were used for key tasks to limit theamount of ______ in carrying out the tests .
8. Cam7 – Test 2 – P2 – Q22
Professor Pretty concludes that our ______are higher than most people realize .
9. Cam 7 – Test 1 – P1 – Q 11
Radar is an inaccurate term when referringto bats because _______ are not used in their navigation system .
10. Cam 6 – Test 1 – P3 – Q37
The territory of Nunavut consists of littlemore than ice , rock and a few _____ .
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