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雅思聽力選擇題你應(yīng)該這么選
2019-01-26 16:28 | 編輯:川外外語培訓(xùn)中心  來自:未知 
導(dǎo)讀:在聽聽力的過程中,首先我們要聽選擇題的出
  在聽聽力的過程中,首先我們要聽選擇題的出場(chǎng)。一般而言,如果選擇題的語言形式是獨(dú)白,那么題目一般是陳述句出場(chǎng);而選擇題語言形式是對(duì)話,那么選擇題多以問句標(biāo)志出場(chǎng)。且如果多選題的語言形式是對(duì)話,一定要注意問答的對(duì)象分別是誰。因?yàn)橥ǔG闆r下,答案從回答者的口中出現(xiàn)的幾率更大一些。在聽聽力的過程中,我們要重點(diǎn)聽信號(hào)詞,信號(hào)詞后面一般容易出答案。一般而言,信號(hào)詞分為以下幾種:
 
  表示順序關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞:
 
  首先:first, for a start, in the first place, to begin with
 
  然后:second, after that, next, then, subsequently
 
  最后:finally, at last, in the end, last but not least
 
  表示并列關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞:
 
  meanwhile, at the same time, as well as, together with, also, too
 
  for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand
 
  表示解釋說明的信號(hào)詞:
 
  that is, in particular, I mean, namely, especially, actually, in other words, that is to say, specially, another way of saying
 
  表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞:
 
  although, by/in contrast, as a matter of fact, nevertheless, instead, however, otherwise, while, though, but, despite, on the contrary, in spite of, yet, whereas
 
  表示列舉和增補(bǔ)的信號(hào)詞:
 
  and in addition to, one more thing, what’s more, besides, either, for instance, for example, furthermore, such as, like, likewise, similarly, moreover
 
  表示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞:
 
  as a result, therefore, so, for this reason, because, consequently, thus
 
  表示歸納結(jié)論:
 
  as a result, altogether, finally, in short, therefore, overall, in sum, thus, on the whole, in brief, to conclude, in a word, consequently, to sum up, to summarize, in conclusion
 
  語氣詞:
 
  well, you know, in fact, hmm.
 
  接下來,我們來看一道五選二的多選題,我們以C5T1S3 Q24,25為例進(jìn)行講解:
 
  What two types of coursework are required each month on the part-time course?
 
  A. a case study
 
  B. an essay
 
  C. a survey
 
  D. a short report
 
  E. a study diary
 
  和單選題一樣,我們首先要讀懂題目,題目的意思是說,哪兩種課程作業(yè)需要按月上交?共五個(gè)選項(xiàng),分別是案例學(xué)習(xí),文章,調(diào)查,短的報(bào)告,學(xué)習(xí)日記。這道題題目的定位詞是coursework, 限定詞是are required以及each month。根據(jù)我們的兩種思考方式,我們首先去聯(lián)想可能在限定詞部分出現(xiàn)的同義替換,are required可能會(huì)替換成are necessary, need to, etc. 那么each month可能會(huì)替換成monthly, every four weeks。而我們對(duì)應(yīng)的逆向思考也就是:not required, not necessary, don’t need to; each month對(duì)應(yīng)的可能會(huì)有each day, each week, each semester, etc.
 
  多選題和單選題相似,即全部數(shù)量的選項(xiàng)都有可能在錄音中出現(xiàn),但是根據(jù)題意,只有兩個(gè)是最符合題意的。根據(jù)對(duì)話,是Andrew問的Monica, 即Andrew是學(xué)習(xí)者,而Monica類似于他的課程顧問。所以在聽這兩道題的時(shí)候,一旦Andrew發(fā)問,那么Monica的回答就是我們重點(diǎn)要聽的內(nèi)容。而在聽力中,這五項(xiàng)中只有最后一個(gè)沒說,也就是我們說的無中生有的選項(xiàng),而A, C是聲東擊西的選項(xiàng),A說是by the end of the course; C在A的基礎(chǔ)上引出了一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,也就是我們說的連帶錯(cuò)誤。只有B和D中出現(xiàn)了我們聽到的each month和every four weeks, 所以我們最終選擇了B, D。
 
  對(duì)比同樣的思路,我們一起來看一下C6T2S2 Q18-20:
 
  Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train from Trebirch?
 
  A. a science museum
 
  B. a theme park
 
  C. a climbing wall
 
  D. a mining museum
 
  E. an aquarium
 
  F. a castle
 
  G. a zoo
 
  審題時(shí),我們將attraction作為定位詞,把visit at present, by train作為限定詞。我們的橫向思考即為,visit at present的同義替換,比如說,visit at the moment, visit currently以及by train的同義替換,by rail。逆向思考即為,not at present, 也就是in the past或者in the future; by train可能會(huì)是by bus, by plane迷惑視聽。
 
  考生在開頭會(huì)聽到Um, there’s the Merthyr Mining Museum, 聽到Mining Museum, 同時(shí)聽到后面有which is only half an hour from Trebirch by train. 通過by train, Trebirch, 可確定Mining Museum, D為正確選項(xiàng)。接下來一句Your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park. 排除干擾項(xiàng)B. theme park, 題中使用了as……as……的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,而非景點(diǎn)介紹。在中間部分,考生會(huì)聽到Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol, where you can visit the docks or spend a great day out with the children in the zoo. 在這句話中,考生需要抓出trains, spend a day in the zoo, 可確定zoo, G為正確選項(xiàng)。同樣,后面一句which is set in the parkland that used to surround the old castle.中帶有干擾項(xiàng)F. castle. 考生要注意到前面的動(dòng)詞不定式部分為to surround, 即可排除該干擾項(xiàng)。在后半部分,可以聽到special family away day fares, 以及where there’s lots to see and do including……climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium. 其中 fare為火車費(fèi)用,后面to see and do等同于attraction, 所以確定climbing wall, C為正確選項(xiàng)。同時(shí)要發(fā)現(xiàn)aquarium為climbing wall的原址,故排除。在聽力內(nèi)容的最后,提到了new science museum opens next year, 與題干中at present相悖,故排除。
 
  對(duì)比五選二和七選三的多選題,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),七選三的多選題比五選二的多選題設(shè)置的陷阱更多。陷阱一般包含三類,一類是限定詞部分的陷阱,即程度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)部分容易出陷阱;第二類是比較級(jí)的陷阱,即as+adj+as或者是not as+adj+as, 兩個(gè)名詞作比較,通常后面的名詞會(huì)是陷阱選項(xiàng)。第三類則是從句類陷阱,從句套從句是選擇題陷阱典型的設(shè)計(jì)方法。針對(duì)此類陷阱,我們一定要聽清楚最前面的名詞,因?yàn)橥撁~是先行詞或是引導(dǎo)詞,而后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)其的補(bǔ)充說明都是在其基礎(chǔ)上說的。一般情況下,which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句中所涉及的名詞多為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),而where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中正確選項(xiàng)的幾率較大。
 
  此外,七選三的多選題比五選二的多選題順序連接性更加明顯。因?yàn)樯婕暗饺齻(gè)正確選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)和選項(xiàng)之間需要有連接詞的銜接,也就是首先,其次,最后的順序鋪排。而五選二的選擇題只會(huì)涉及到并列方式的連接,相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。在七選三多選題中,兩兩銜接詞之間容易出陷阱選項(xiàng),這是考生們應(yīng)該引起注意的。在這個(gè)地方出陷阱選項(xiàng)原因很簡(jiǎn)單,speaker對(duì)正確選項(xiàng)說明后,需要有些東西進(jìn)行一些解釋,但是西方人通常會(huì)把重要的事情放在最前面說,后面附上一些解釋,這些解釋中可能會(huì)涉及舉例和對(duì)比,但是這些內(nèi)容和題干是沒有關(guān)系的,所以解釋說明的部分往往會(huì)是陷阱。
 
  以上就是雅思聽力中多選題的正確打開方式,考生們可以在做真題的過程中,將上述方法帶到題目中進(jìn)行練習(xí),希望對(duì)考生們做選擇題有所幫助。
 

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