在托福閱讀考試中,詞匯是其中很重要的一部分,尤其是在托福閱讀里面會有針對文章中較難詞匯的考查,那么要怎么應(yīng)對這些詞匯呢?下面是川外培訓(xùn)小編給大家整理的內(nèi)容,希望能給大家提供幫助。
一. 構(gòu)詞法
中國的漢字會有偏旁部首,而英語詞匯也是如此。詞匯的構(gòu)成有一定規(guī)律可循,通常有如下兩種:
1. 合成法:將兩個單詞合成構(gòu)成一個新詞。
out + break = outbreak 爆發(fā)
down + hill = downhill 下坡的
over + throw = overthrow 推翻
hot + foot = hotfoot 匆忙地
before + hand = beforehand 事先
2. 派生法:在詞根前后加上前綴或后綴,構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞。
前綴:
value (名詞,價值) + de-(下,向下) → devalue (動詞,降低…的價值)
little (形容詞,小的) + be- (使……成為)→ belittle (動詞,輕視)
后綴:
inflame (動詞,點火) + -ability (能……) → inflammability (名詞,易燃性)
conceive (動詞,設(shè)想)+ -able(可……的) → conceivable (形容詞,可想象的)
例題:This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
Q: The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A: difficult to control
B: without any restriction
C: unlike anything in the past
D: rapidly expanding
解析:un表示not沒有,pre表示before之前,precede是在……之前的意思,所以選擇C正確。
二. 語境法
根據(jù)上下文語境內(nèi)容來推斷出某個詞匯的含義,就是語境法。通常托福閱讀中考查到以下兩種語境:
1. 并列語境:所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個同義的關(guān)系。
例題:Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit.
Q: In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously" when there is favorable precipitation, the author means that their development will be
A: sudden
B: early
C: gradual
D: strong and healthy
解析:可以利用句子的并列關(guān)系來推測,develop vigorously和生產(chǎn)大量的花和果實并列,那么很明顯,D選項最合適。
2. 轉(zhuǎn)折語境:所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個相反的關(guān)系。
For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated.
Q: The word Conversely meaning to
A: on the other hand
B: in the same way
C: in other words
D: on average
解析:原句說有河水流入流出的是surface water dominated,前一句說一個沒有地表水流入的pond是seepage dominated,那么后文當(dāng)然與之相對,所以正確答案是A。
三. 歸納法
“狂背單詞,疏于整理”是一大誤區(qū)。積累單詞的同時,要進(jìn)行整理歸納,以下有兩種推崇的方法:
1. 意群法:將意思相近的單詞放在一起進(jìn)行記憶。
吝嗇:stingy, penurious, niggardly, miserly, parsimonious, petty
貧窮:indigent, impoverished, destitute, penniless, impecunious, poverty
2. 類比法:將形式相近的單詞放在一起進(jìn)行記憶。
infect v.感染,傳染
affect v.影響;感染;感動;假裝
inflect v.彎曲;改變;使屈曲
effect n.影響;效果;作用
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