通常我們認(rèn)為main idea作為lecture和conversation的第一題,應(yīng)該是肯定要對(duì)的。但是事實(shí)上我們往往容易錯(cuò)的是第一題。為什么?有什么理由整篇文章都感覺(jué)聽(tīng)懂了,居然做錯(cuò)了第一題?我們來(lái)看看做題的幾個(gè)誤區(qū):
誤區(qū)一
從OG的題型分類(lèi)上大家可以看到main idea屬于basic comprehension的,包括兩種:gist content & gist purpose。我們要先弄清楚這兩個(gè)之間有什么區(qū)別?看看OG的解說(shuō):
內(nèi)容主旨題:內(nèi)容主旨題要求考生理解講座或?qū)υ?huà)的主旨大意。材料有時(shí)會(huì)明確地提出主旨,有時(shí)則會(huì)很含蓄。內(nèi)容主旨題會(huì)要求考生對(duì)所聽(tīng)到的信息進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。
n 典型問(wèn)法:
Ø What problem does the man have?
Ø What are the speakers mainly discussing?
Ø What is the main topic of the lecture?
Ø What is the lecture mainly about?
Ø What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
目的主旨題:目的主旨題主要考查的是對(duì)話(huà)的目的而非內(nèi)容。此類(lèi)問(wèn)題較有可能出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話(huà)中,但偶爾也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在講座中。
n 典型問(wèn)法:
Ø Why does the student visit the professor?
Ø Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
Ø Why did the professor ask to see the student?
Ø Why does the professor explain X?
OG典型的提問(wèn)法里我們會(huì)看到,不管是conversation還是lecture都有可能考查content,提問(wèn)法里以what開(kāi)頭;反過(guò)來(lái),purpose都是以why來(lái)提問(wèn)的且以conversation為主的,所以同學(xué)在做題的時(shí)候要記得看清楚第一題到底是問(wèn)what還是why,what則通常選內(nèi)容,答案可能是在開(kāi)頭也可能自己歸納,why則選目的通常在開(kāi)頭。
同學(xué)們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得都是main idea都是主旨,應(yīng)該沒(méi)什么區(qū)別?舉個(gè)例子來(lái)看看,假如我和A同學(xué)start a conversation說(shuō),A能不能借100塊給我?然后開(kāi)始七聊八聊恒大踢球贏了,各種興奮……問(wèn)目的我們要答的是借錢(qián),問(wèn)內(nèi)容我們要答的是恒大。That’s the difference.所以我們?cè)谧鲱}的時(shí)候要區(qū)分清楚what和why。
誤區(qū)二
不是所有的lecture都要問(wèn)content,TPO經(jīng)常是換著來(lái)問(wèn)的What is the main purpose of the lecture?
比如:
12. What is the main purpose of the lecture? (TPO10L2)
A To describe the trade in food crops between Europe and Americas
B To describe the introduction of American food crops to Europeans
C To describe the influence of American food crops on traditional Europeans
D To describe the difficulties of growing American food crops in European climates
解析:這是一道同學(xué)們很容易做錯(cuò)的題目,大部分都愛(ài)選C,選完還特別肯定自己沒(méi)錯(cuò),題目要求是purpose,而C項(xiàng)表達(dá)的是文章的后半部分的內(nèi)容,food對(duì)歐洲歷史的影響,而非題干所要的purpose。整個(gè)lecture講述的是美國(guó)食物被引入歐洲的情況,正解就只有B。
誤區(qū)三
總選擇清晰的detail,失分!用排除法。
從上述的OG給出的說(shuō)法,我們知道m(xù)ain idea有時(shí)候會(huì)明確給出,有時(shí)候比較含蓄,要自己總結(jié)歸納。大家心里犯愁了以為聽(tīng)得清楚的,或者反復(fù)聽(tīng)到過(guò)的內(nèi)容就一定對(duì)了,其實(shí)不然。
例1 why does the man go to see his professor? (OG第二版P157track1)
A To borrow some charts and graphs from her
B To ask her to explain some statistical procedures
C To talk about a report he is writing
D To discuss a grade he got on a paper
正解是C,有些同學(xué)總是選B,他們分得清楚文章開(kāi)頭沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)A/D兩項(xiàng),覺(jué)得C概括得太厲害,感覺(jué)聽(tīng)到了statistical procedures,其實(shí)聽(tīng)到的是:
S: Uh, excuse me,Professor Thompson. I know your office hours are tomorrow,but was wondering if you had a few minutes free now to discuss something.
P: Sure,John. What did you want to talk?
S: Well,I have some quick questions about how to write up the research project I did this semester about climate variations.
把research project聽(tīng)成procedure了。聽(tīng)錯(cuò)了是硬傷,繼續(xù)精聽(tīng)!巧的同學(xué)是聽(tīng)how to write來(lái)判斷的,而且沒(méi)有ask to explain的跡象。
例2 What is the purpose of the lecture? (TPO1L1)
A To explain the difference between two artistic styles
B To describe a new art gallery to the class
C To introduce an artist’s work to the class
D To show how artists’ styles can evolve over time
正解C。A是大家最容易選的,套回筆記看看全文有沒(méi)有對(duì)比過(guò)異同點(diǎn),沒(méi)有,只介紹了兩幅畫(huà),同樣的,B、D都沒(méi)有。
例3 What is the main purpose of the lecture? (TPO18L3)
A To explore the use of spices in cooking in the Middle Ages
B To explain the significance of spices for medieval society
C To describe how the spice trade evolved in medieval Europe
D To examine changes in the role that spices played in the Middle Age
正解B。A講cooking是細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn),C講trade是細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn),D更可以排除spices的role沒(méi)有change,spices change了歐洲人的生活。
以上總結(jié)的是做主旨題的三大誤區(qū)。我們有時(shí)候很難自己歸納出主旨,大家可以使用排除法,明確三項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的,選那個(gè)我們不太確定的。
排除以后還可以檢驗(yàn)我們不確定的那一項(xiàng)是否一定是正確答案。1 該選項(xiàng)是否帶有概括性,是否存在帶有summary性質(zhì)的詞,這個(gè)詞能不能概括整篇文章,還是只能概括其中一個(gè)清晰的detail;2 選項(xiàng)有summary是不是有具體的限定成分,限定成分表述往往是有誤的。
例What is the professor mainly discussing? (OG第二版P166track5)
A The development of motor skills in children
B How psychologists measure muscle activity in the throat
C A theory about the relationship between muscle activity and thinking
D A study on deaf people’s problem-solving techniques
正解C。A、D沒(méi)有提過(guò),B項(xiàng)限定成分in the throat,C項(xiàng)有概括性質(zhì)。
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